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Dialisi peritoneale

ABDOMINAL AORTIC CALCIFICATIONS IN PERITONEAL DIALYSIS PATIENTS: CORRELATION WITH BONE MINERAL DENSITY

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BACKGROUND

Disorders of bone and mineral metabolism affect almost all patients with advanced chronic kidney disease with high prevalence of decreased bone mineral density. BMD is negatively correlated with vascular calcification and cardiovascular risk  in CKD pts. and both conditions are strongly associated with higher mortality. However in these patients fractures are common by impairments in bone quantity and  quality and by abnormalities of neuromuscolar function. Aim of the study is to confirm these observations in chronic peritoneal dialisys  patients.

MATERIALS AND METHODS

We studied 48 PD patients, 38 in CAPD and 10 in APD (mean age 61,9 ±14,5 y, 41,3% Women and 58,7% Man, mean age Man 65,7±11 Years, Women 56,2±17 Years p=0,031 for sex) mean duration of PD was 21,9±25,4 months. Causes of end stage renal disease: Glomerulonephritis 13 patients, Chronic Pielonephritis 5 patients, Hypertension 12 patients, Autosomal Dominant Policistic Kidney Disease 10 patients, Diabetes 8 patients. These patients underwent an abdominal computed tomography scan. The severity score for AAC were: 1=none, 2=mild, 3=moderate, 4=severe. For each patient we collected the following laboratory data: calcium corrected for albumin, PTH, phosphorus, alkaline phosphatase, haemoglobin, BMI, diuresys, KT/V, use of Vitamin D, Cinacalcet, phosphate binders, Eritropoietin stimulating agents, warfarin (Fig 1, 2). Quantitative CT mesaurements of BMD (mg/ml) using fully automated software were obtained at the first, second, third and fourth lumbar vertebrae. T and Z score were calculated by comparing with normal control data. Statistical analisys performed with SPSS.

RESULTS

In the 48 patients included in the study, the mean lumbar spine T score was –3,52±1,33, the lumbar Z spine Z score was –0,25±0,99. According to the criteria based on lumbar spine T scores, 55% of 48 patients were osteoporotic, 28% had osteopenia and 17% had lumbar spine T scores within the normal range.

We found a positive correlation between low BMD  and age (M p<0,006, r=-0,516, W p<0,001, r=-0,763) and BMD  and calcium in women (p=0,037, r=0,481). 25 pts  (55,6% M and 42,1% W with no statistically significant difference between the sexes) were osteoporotic (BMD <160 mg/ml), and respectively 14 and 11 of theme showed severe and mild AAC. After 2 years the overall prevalence of fracture was 15,5% (7 pts). 12 pts (26%)  died. All the pts died and those with fracture showed a low BMD and a severe AAC. No correlations was found between  laboratory data, BMI, diuresys, KT/V, use of medications, lenght of dialisys and BMD-AAC.

CONCLUSIONS

Our results indicated that, considering their CT- based BMD values, 83% of chronic PD patients have subnormal bone mass –55% within the osteoporotic range and 28% within the osteopenic range. Our findings also  confirm that  low BMD is correlated with age, vascular valcifications and cardiovascular risk as in CKD patients. We agree with other Authors that low BMD might constitute another nontraditional risk factor for cardiovascular disease in CKD and in PD patients. We could not confirm the findings of other Authors who suggested that low body weight and low KT/V were the most important risk factors for low BMD in PD patients.

release  1
pubblicata il  27 settembre 2012 
da Di Loreto P.¹,², Martino F², Ronco C²
(¹UOC Nefrologia e Dialisi Ospedale San Martino Belluno, ²UOC Nefrologia Dialisi Trapianto Ospedale San Bortolo Vicenza)
Parole chiave: bone mineral density, calcificazioni cardiovascolari, metabolismo minerale, rischio cardiovascolare, sevelamer
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Realizzazione: Tesi S.p.A.

Per assistenza contattare: Claudia Ingrassia, Tesi S.p.A.
0172 476301 — claudia.ingrassia@gruppotesi.com